Rust Architectural Philosophy:
"Correctness through static compiler verification. Zero-cost abstractions, borrow checker, 
lifetimes, fearless concurrency. No undefined behavior in safe code."

Zig Architectural Philosophy:
"Simplicity through total control. No hidden control flow, no hidden allocations, 
comptime metaprogramming, explicit allocator passing, perfect seamless C interop."

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                       MEMORY SAFETY ARCHITECTURE                        │
├─────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Rust Model      │ Automated static compile-time ownership, borrow       │
│                 │ checking, and RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Init).    │
│                 │ Zero memory leaks or data races in safe code.         │
├─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Zig Model       │ Manual memory management with explicit allocator      │
│                 │ passing (`std.mem.Allocator`). Defer statements,      │
│                 │ GeneralPurposeAllocator with leak detection.          │
└─────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

// Zig explicit allocator pattern with defer cleanup
const std = @import("std");

pub fn processData(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, input: []const u8) ![]u8 {
    // 1. Explicitly allocate memory from the caller-provided allocator
    var buffer = try allocator.alloc(u8, input.len * 2);
    // errdefer automatically cleans up memory if any error occurs below
    errdefer allocator.free(buffer);

    for (input, 0..) |byte, i| {
        buffer[i * 2] = byte;
        buffer[i * 2 + 1] = 0xFF;
    }

    return buffer;
}

pub fn main() !void {
    // GeneralPurposeAllocator automatically detects memory leaks in debug builds
    var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
    defer _ = gpa.deinit();
    const allocator = gpa.allocator();

    const result = try processData(allocator, "MojoStudio");
    defer allocator.free(result); // Clean explicit cleanup
}

// Zig compile-time generic data structure without macros
const std = @import("std");

pub fn Matrix(comptime T: type, comptime rows: usize, comptime cols: usize) type {
    return struct {
        data: [rows][cols]T,

        const Self = @This();

        pub fn init() Self {
            return Self{ .data = [_][cols]T{[_]T{0} ** cols} ** rows };
        }

        pub fn dot(self: Self, other: Matrix(T, cols, rows)) T {
            comptime std.debug.assert(@typeInfo(T) == .float or @typeInfo(T) == .int);
            var sum: T = 0;
            // Unrolled completely at compile time
            inline for (0..rows) |r| {
                inline for (0..cols) |c| {
                    sum += self.data[r][c] * other.data[c][r];
                }
            }
            return sum;
        }
    };
}

// Zig natively imports and calls C libraries directly with 0 glue code
const c = @cImport({
    @cInclude("openssl/sha.h");
    @cInclude("zlib.h");
});

pub fn hashData(data: []const u8) [20]u8 {
    var digest: [20]u8 = undefined;
    _ = c.SHA1(data.ptr, data.len, &digest);
    return digest;
}

Clean Build Time Comparison (Complex Infrastructure Project):
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Rust (Cargo):   ████████████████████ 8.4s               │
│ Zig (zig build):███ 1.2s (7x Faster Compilation!)       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

┌──────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CHOOSE RUST IF:                      │ CHOOSE ZIG IF:                       │
├──────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ 1. Enterprise backend / web APIs     │ 1. Writing custom memory allocators  │
│ 2. High concurrency across threads   │ 2. Heavy C/C++ codebase integration  │
│ 3. Strict zero-tolerance memory bugs │ 3. Real-time deterministic storage   │
│ 4. Rich ecosystem (Tokio, Axum, Serde│ 4. Ultra-fast iteration / build times│
└──────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘